The
natural sciences saw various advancements during the
Golden Age of Islam (from roughly the mid 8th to the mid 13th centuries), adding a number of innovations to the
Transmission of the Classics (such as
Aristotle,
Ptolemy,
Euclid,
Neoplatonism). During this period, Islamic theology was encouraging of thinkers to find knowledge, . Thinkers from this period included
Al-Farabi,
Abu Bishr Matta,
Ibn Sina,
al-Hassan Ibn al-Haytham and
Ibn Bajjah. These works and the important commentaries on them were the wellspring of science during the medieval period. They were
translated into
Arabic, the
lingua franca of this period.