Robert Heinrich Herman Koch (; ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a celebrated
German physician and pioneering
microbiologist. As the founder of modern
bacteriology, he is known for his role in identifying the specific causative agents of
tuberculosis,
cholera, and
anthrax and for giving experimental support for the concept of infectious disease. In addition to his trail-blazing studies on these diseases, Koch created and improved laboratory technologies and techniques in the field of microbiology, and made key discoveries in public health. His research led to the creation of
Koch’s postulates, a series of four generalized principles linking specific microorganisms to specific diseases that remain today the "gold standard" in medical microbiology. As a result of his groundbreaking research on tuberculosis, Koch received the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905.