Pope Sixtus V or
Xystus V (13 December 1521 – 27 August 1590), born
Felice Peretti di Montalto, was
Pope from 24 April 1585 to his death in 1590. As a youth, he joined the Franciscan order, where he displayed talents as a scholar and preacher, and enjoyed the patronage of
Pius V, who made him a cardinal. As Pope, he energetically rooted out corruption and lawlessness across Rome, and launched a far-sighted rebuilding programme that continues to provoke controversy, as it involved the destruction of antiquities. The cost of these works was met by heavy taxation that caused much suffering. His foreign policy was regarded as over-ambitious, and he excommunicated both
Elizabeth I of England and
Henry IV of France. He is recognized as a significant figure of the
Counter-Reformation.