The Interactive Encyclopedia System, or
TIES, was a
hypertext system developed at the
University of Maryland, College Park by
Ben Shneiderman in 1983. The earliest versions of TIES ran in
DOS text mode, using the cursor arrow keys for navigating through information. A later version of HyperTIES for the Sun workstation was developed using the
NeWS window system, with an authoring tool based on UniPress's
Gosling Emacs text editor.