The
Transvaal Colony was the name used to refer to the Transvaal region during the period of direct British rule and military occupation between the end of the
Anglo-Boer War in 1902 when the
South African Republic was dissolved, and the establishment of the
Union of South Africa in 1910. The physical borders of the Transvaal Colony were not identical to the defeated South African Republic (which had existed from 1856 to 1902), but was larger. In 1910 the entire territory became the
Transvaal Province of the Union of South Africa.