The
Union of Lublin (; ) was signed July 1, 1569, in
Lublin,
Poland, and created a single state, the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It replaced the
personal union of the
Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania with a
real union and an
elective monarchy, since
Sigismund II Augustus, the last of the
Jagiellons, remained childless after three marriages. In addition, the autonomy of
Royal Prussia was largely abandoned. The
Duchy of Livonia, tied to Lithuania in
real union since the
Union of Grodno (1566), became a Polish–Lithuanian condominium.