Vannevar Bush ( ; March 11, 1890 – June 28, 1974) was an
American engineer, inventor and science administrator, who during
World War II headed the U.S.
Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), through which almost all wartime military R&D was carried out, including initiation and early administration of the
Manhattan Project. He is also known in engineering for his work on
analog computers, for founding
Raytheon, and for the
memex, a hypothetical adjustable
microfilm viewer with a structure analogous to that of
hypertext. In 1945, Bush published the essay "
As We May Think" in which he predicted that "wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified". The memex influenced generations of computer scientists, who drew inspiration from its vision of the future. He was chiefly responsible for the movement that led to the creation of the
National Science Foundation.