Viking metal is a style of
heavy metal music with origins in
black metal and
Nordic folk music, characterized by a common lyrical and thematic focus on
Norse mythology,
Norse paganism, and the
Viking Age. Viking metal is quite diverse as a musical style, to the point where some scholars consider it more of a term than a genre, but it is typically manifested as black metal with influences from Nordic folk music. Some common traits include a slow-paced and heavy riffing style, anthemic choruses, use of both clean and harsh vocals, a frequent reliance on
folk instrumentation, and often the use of
keyboards for atmospheric effect. Viking metal developed in the 1980s through the mid-1990s as a rejection of
Satanism and the
occult, instead embracing the
Vikings and
paganism as the leaders of opposition to
Christianity. It is similar, in lyrics, sound, and thematic imagery, to
pagan metal, but pagan metal has a broader mythological focus and utilizes folk instrumentation more extensively. Most Viking metal bands originate from the
Nordic countries, and nearly all bands claim that their members descend, directly or indirectly, from Vikings. Many scholars view Viking metal and the related black, pagan, and
folk metal genres as part of broader
neopaganism and n
eo-völkisch movements as well as part of a global movement of renewed interest in, and celebration of, local and regional ethnicities.