An
Arctic–alpine taxon is one whose natural
distribution includes the
Arctic and more southerly mountain ranges, particularly the
Alps. The presence of identical or similar taxa in both the
tundra of the far north, and high mountain ranges much further south is testament to the similar environmental conditions found in the two locations. Arctic–alpine plants, for instance, must be
adapted to the low temperatures, extremes of temperature, strong winds and short growing season; they are therefore typically low-growing and often form mats or
cushions to reduce water loss through
evapotranspiration.