Earthquake prediction is a branch of the science of
seismology concerned with the specification of the time, location, and
magnitude of future
earthquakes within stated confidence limits but with sufficient precision that a warning can be issued. Of particular importance is the prediction of
hazardous earthquakes likely to cause loss of life or damage to infrastructure. Earthquake prediction is sometimes distinguished from
earthquake forecasting, which can be defined as the probabilistic assessment of
general earthquake hazard, including the frequency and magnitude of damaging earthquakes in a given area over years or decades. It can be further distinguished from
earthquake warning systems, which upon detection of an earthquake, provide a real-time warning to regions that might be affected.