Economic botany is the commercial exploitation of plants by people. Economic botany contributes significantly to anthropology, biology, conservation, botany, and other fields of science. This link between botany and anthropology explores the ways humans use plants for food, shelter, medicines, textiles, and much more.

This article is about the academic journal. For the field of study, see Economic botany.

Economic Botany is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers all aspects of economic botany. The editor-in-chief is Robert A. Voeks (California State University, Fullerton). The journal was established in 1947 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media and the New York Botanical Garden Press on behalf of the Society for Economic Botany.