Haikai (
Japanese 俳諧
comic, unorthodox) may refer in both Japanese and English to
haikai no renga (
renku), a popular genre of Japanese linked verse, which developed in the sixteenth century out of the earlier aristocratic
renga. It meant "vulgar" or "earthy", and often derived its effect from satire and puns, though "under the influence of [Matsuo]
Bashō (1644-1694) the tone of haikai no renga became more serious." "Haikai" may also refer to other poetic forms that embrace the haikai
aesthetic, including
haiku and
senryu (varieties of one-verse haikai),
haiga (haikai art, often accompanied by haiku), and
haibun (haiku mixed with prose, such as in the diaries and travel journals of haiku poets). However, haikai does not include orthodox renga or
waka.