The
helots (; ,
heílotes) were a subjugated population group that formed the main population of
Laconia and
Messenia, the territory controlled by
Sparta. Their exact status was already disputed in antiquity: according to
Critias, they were "
slaves to the utmost", whereas according to Pollux, they occupied a status "between free men and slaves". Tied to the land, they primarily worked in
agriculture as a majority and economically supported the
Spartan citizens.