heterodox economics

Heterodox economics refers to methodologies or schools of economic thought that are considered outside of "mainstream economics", often represented by expositors as contrasting with or going beyond neoclassical economics. "Heterodox economics" is an umbrella term used to cover various approaches, schools, or traditions. These include socialist, Marxian,  institutional, evolutionary, Georgist, Austrian, feminist, social, post-Keynesian (not to be confused with New Keynesian), and ecological economics among others. In the JEL classification codes developed by the Journal of Economic Literature, heterodox economics is in the second of the 19 primary categories at:

- History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches.