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Additional
nephrons
English Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
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Nephron
The
nephron
(from
Greek
νεφρός - nephros, meaning "kidney") is the basic structural and functional unit of the
kidney
. Its chief function is to regulate the
concentration
of
water
and soluble substances like
sodium salts
by filtering the
blood
, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as
urine
. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates
blood volume
and
blood pressure
, controls levels of
electrolytes
and
metabolites
, and regulates blood
pH
. Its functions are vital to
life
and are regulated by the
endocrine system
by
hormones
such as
antidiuretic hormone
,
aldosterone
, and
parathyroid hormone
. In humans, a normal kidney contains 800,000 to 1.5 million nephrons.
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