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Additional
peroxisome
English Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia
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Peroxisome
Peroxisomes
(also called
microbodies
) are
organelles
found in virtually all
eukaryotic
cells. They are involved in the
catabolism
of
very long chain fatty acids
, branched chain fatty acids,
D-amino acids
, and
polyamines
,
reduction
of
reactive oxygen species
- specifically
hydrogen peroxide
- and biosynthesis of
plasmalogens
, i.e.
ether phospholipids
critical for the normal function of mammalian brains and lungs. They also contain approximately 10% of the total activity of two enzymes in the
pentose phosphate pathway
, which is important for energy metabolism. It is vigorously debated if peroxisomes are involved in
isoprenoid
and
cholesterol
synthesis in animals. Other known peroxisomal functions include the
glyoxylate cycle
in germinating seeds ("
glyoxysomes
"),
photorespiration
in leaves,
glycolysis
in
trypanosomes
("
glycosomes
"), and
methanol
and/or amine oxidation and assimilation in some yeasts.
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