Popular monarchy is a system of monarchical governance in which the monarch's title is linked with a popular mandate rather than a constitutional state. It was the norm in some places (such as Scotland) from the Middle Ages, and was occasionally used in 19th- and 20th-century Europe, often reflecting the results of a populist revolution. Thus, during the French Revolution Louis XVI had to change his title to indicate he was the monarch of the people rather than sovereign ruler of the land.