A
quality management system (
QMS) is a collection of
business processes focused on achieving
quality policy and quality objectives to meet customer
requirements. It is expressed as the organizational structure, policies, procedures, processes and resources needed to implement
quality management. Early systems emphasized predictable outcomes of an industrial product production line, using simple statistics and random sampling. By the 20th century, labour inputs were typically the most costly inputs in most industrialized societies, so focus shifted to team cooperation and dynamics, especially the early signalling of problems via a
continuous improvement cycle. In the 21st century, QMS has tended to converge with
sustainability and
transparency initiatives, as both investor and customer satisfaction and perceived quality is increasingly tied to these factors. Of QMS regimes, the
ISO 9000 family of standards is probably the most widely implemented worldwide - the
ISO 19011 audit regime applies to both, and deals with quality and sustainability and their integration.