This is a
list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under
321.31 under that system. These instruments are also known as
spike lutes. These instruments are made of a resonator and string bearer that are physically united, with strings in parallel to the sound table and a handle which is also the string bearer and which passes diametrically through the resonator. The shape of the resonator divides the instrument into one of three subcategories:
spike bowl lutes,
spike box lutes and
spike tube lutes.