stimulation

Stimulation or sensory excitation is the action of various agents or forms of energy (stimuli) on receptors that generate impulses that travel though nerves to the brain (afferents). There are sensory receptors on or near the surface of the body, such as photoreceptors in the retina of the eye, hair cells in the cochlea of the ear, touch receptors in the skin and chemical receptors in the mouth and nasal cavity. There are also sensory receptors in the muscles, joints, digestive tract, and membranes around organs such as the brain, the abdominal cavity, the bladder and the prostate (providing one source of sexual stimulation). Stimulation to the external or internal senses may evoke involuntary activity or guide intentions in action. Such emotional or motivating stimulation typically is also experienced subjectively (enters awareness, is in consciousness). Perception can be regarded as conceptualised stimulation, used in reasoning and intending, for example.¹ When bodily stimulation is perceived it is traditionally called a sensation, such as a kind of touch or a taste or smell, or a painful or pleasurable sensation. This can be thought of as psychological stimulation, which is a stimulus affecting a person's thinking or feeling processes.

Ein Reiz oder Stimulus (Mehrzahl: Stimuli) ist eine physikalische oder chemische Größe der inneren Umgebung oder äußeren Umwelt, die durch veränderten Energiebetrag auf ein lebendes System einwirkt.

Une stimulation est un événement physique ou chimique qui active une ou plusieurs cellules réceptrices de l'organisme. La cellule traduit la stimulation par un potentiel d'action, qui est transmis par les nerfs vers les organes sensoriels. La stimulation active plusieurs régions du système nerveux, en particulier le système sensoriel qui a été stimulé, la substance réticulée mésencéphalique, le thalamus sensoriel et le cortex sensoriel.