A
tank locomotive or
tank engine is a
steam locomotive that carries its water in one or more on-board
water tanks, instead of a more traditional
tender. A tank engine may also have a bunker (or oil tank) to hold fuel. There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for
shunting and shorter distance
main line duties. Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional
tender locomotives.