Transcendental anatomy, also known as
philosophical anatomy, was a form of
comparative anatomy that sought to find ideal patterns and structures common to all organisms in nature. The term originated from
naturalist philosophy in the German provinces, and culminated in Britain especially by scholars such as
Robert Knox and
Richard Owen, who drew from
Goethe and
Lorenz Oken. From the 1820s to 1859, it persisted as the medical expression of natural philosophy before the Darwinian revolution.