The term
tributary state refers to one of the two main ways in which a pre-modern state might be subordinate to a more powerful state. The heart of the relationship was that the tributary would send a regular token of submission (
tribute) to the superior power. This token often took the form of a substantial transfer of wealth, such as the delivery of gold, produce, or slaves, so that tribute might best be seen as the payment of
protection money. Or it might be more symbolic: sometimes it amounted to no more than the delivery of a mark of submission such as the
bunga mas (golden flower) that rulers in the
Malay peninsula used to send to the kings of
Siam, or the
Tribute of the Maltese Falcon that the
Grand Master of the
Order of St. John used to send annually to the
Viceroy of Sicily in order to
rule Malta. It might also involve attendance by the subordinate ruler at the court of the hegemon in order to make a public show of submission.