The
urinary system, also known as the
renal system, consists of the
kidneys,
ureters,
bladder, and the
urethra. Each kidney consists of millions of functional units called
nephrons. The purpose of the renal system is to eliminate wastes from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH. The kidneys have extensive blood supply via the renal arteries which leave the kidneys via the renal vein. Following filtration of blood and further processing, wastes (in the form of
urine) exit the kidney via the ureters, tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine towards the urinary bladder, where it is stored and subsequently expelled from the body by
urination (
voiding). The female and male urinary system are very similar, differing only in the length of the urethra.