Alfred Peter Friedrich von Tirpitz (19 March 1849 – 6 March 1930) was a German
Großadmiral (grand admiral), Secretary of State of the
German Imperial Naval Office, the powerful administrative branch of the
German Imperial Navy from 1897 until 1916. Prussia never had a major navy, nor did the other German states before the
German Empire was formed in 1871. Tirpitz took the modest Imperial Navy and, starting in the 1890s, turned it into a world-class force that could threaten the British
Royal Navy. His navy, however, was not strong enough to confront the British successfully in the
First World War; the one great engagement at sea, the
Battle of Jutland, ended in a draw with both sides claiming victory. Tirpitz turned to
submarine warfare, which antagonised the
United States. He was dismissed in 1916 and never regained power.