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הורד מילון זה
December 13
Events
1294
–
Saint Celestine V
resigns
the
papacy
after only five months; Celestine hoped to return to his previous life as an
ascetic
hermit
.
1545
– The
Council of Trent
begins.
1577
– Sir
Francis Drake
sets sail from
Plymouth
, England, on his round-the-world voyage.
1636
– The
Massachusetts Bay Colony
organizes three
militia
regiments to defend the colony against the
Pequot
Indians
. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the
National Guard of the United States
.
1642
–
Abel Tasman
reaches New Zealand.
1643
–
English Civil War
: The
Battle of Alton
takes place in
Hampshire
.
1758
– The English transport ship
Duke William
sinks in the North Atlantic, killing over 360 people.
1769
–
Dartmouth College
is founded by the Reverend
Eleazar Wheelock
, with a
royal charter
from King
George III
, on land donated by Royal governor
John Wentworth
.
1862
–
American Civil War
: At the
Battle of Fredericksburg
,
Confederate
General
Robert E. Lee
defeats
Union
Major General
Ambrose Burnside
.
1867
– A
Fenian
bomb explodes in
Clerkenwell
, London, killing six.
1928
–
George Gershwin
's
An American in Paris
is first performed.
1937
–
Second Sino-Japanese War
:
Battle of Nanking
: The city of
Nanjing
, defended by the
National Revolutionary Army
under the command of General
Tang Shengzhi
, falls to the
Japanese
. This is followed by the
Nanking Massacre
, in which Japanese troops rape and murder hundreds of thousands of civilians.
1938
–
The Holocaust
: The
Neuengamme concentration camp
opens in the
Bergedorf
district of
Hamburg
, Germany.
1939
–
World War II
:
Battle of the River Plate
: Captain
Hans Langsdorff
of the
German
Deutschland-class cruiser
(pocket battleship)
Admiral Graf Spee
engages with
Royal Navy
cruisers , and .
1941
– World War II: The
Kingdom of Hungary
and
Kingdom of Romania
declare war on the United States.
1943
– World War II: The
Massacre of Kalavryta
by German occupying forces in Greece.
1949
– The
Knesset
votes to move the capital of
Israel
to
Jerusalem
.
1959
–
Archbishop
Makarios III
becomes the first
President of Cyprus
.
1960
– While
Emperor
Haile Selassie
of
Ethiopia
visits Brazil, his
Imperial Bodyguard
seizes the capital
and proclaims him deposed and his son, Crown Prince
Asfa Wossen
, Emperor.
1962
–
NASA
launches
Relay 1
, the first active repeater communications
satellite
in orbit.
1967
–
Constantine II of Greece
attempts an unsuccessful counter-coup against the
Regime of the Colonels
.
1968
– Brazilian President
Artur da Costa e Silva
issues
AI-5
(Institutional Act No. 5), enabling government by decree and suspending
habeas corpus
.
1972
–
Apollo program
:
Eugene Cernan
and
Harrison Schmitt
begin the third and final
extra-vehicular activity
(EVA) or "Moonwalk" of
Apollo 17
. To date they are the last humans to set foot on the Moon.
1974
–
Malta
becomes a republic within the
Commonwealth of Nations
.
1977
–
Air Indiana Flight 216
crashes near
Evansville Regional Airport
, killing 29, including the
University of Evansville basketball team
, support staff and boosters of the team.
1979
– The Canadian Government of Prime Minister
Joe Clark
is defeated in the
House of Commons
, prompting the
1980 Canadian election
.
1981
– General
Wojciech Jaruzelski
declares
martial law
in Poland to prevent dismantling of the communist system by
Solidarity
.
1988
–
PLO Chairman
Yasser Arafat
gives a speech at a
UN General Assembly
meeting in
Geneva
, Switzerland, after United States authorities refused to grant him a
visa
to visit UN headquarters in New York.
1989
–
The Troubles
:
Attack on Derryard checkpoint
: The
Provisional Irish Republican Army
launches an attack on a
British Army
temporary vehicle checkpoint near
Rosslea, Northern Ireland
. Two British soldiers are killed and one badly wounded.
2000
– The "
Texas Seven
" escape from the
John B. Connally Unit
near
Kenedy, Texas
, and go on a robbery spree, during which police officer Aubrey Hawkins is shot and killed.
2001
–
Sansad Bhavan
, the building housing the
Indian Parliament
,
is attacked by terrorists
. Twelve people are killed, including the terrorists.
2002
–
European Union enlargement
: The EU announces that
Cyprus
, the Czech Republic,
Estonia
,
Hungary
,
Latvia
,
Lithuania
,
Malta
,
Poland
,
Slovakia
, and
Slovenia
will become members from May 1, 2004.
2003
–
Iraq War
:
Operation Red Dawn
: Former Iraqi President
Saddam Hussein
is captured near his home town of
Tikrit
.
2006
–
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
is adopted.
2011
– A
murder–suicide
in
Liège
, Belgium, kills six and wounds 125 people at a
Christmas market
.
2014
–
Landslides
caused by heavy rain in
Java
,
Indonesia
, kill at least 56 people.
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