The
First Fleet is the name given to the 11 ships that left Great Britain on 13 May 1787 to found the penal colony that became the first European settlement in
Australia. The fleet consisted of two Royal Navy vessels, three store ships and six convict transports, carrying more than 1,000 convicts, marines and seamen, and a vast quantity of stores. From England, the Fleet sailed southwest to
Rio de Janeiro, then east to
Cape Town and via the
Great Southern Ocean to
Botany Bay, arriving in mid-January 1788, taking 250 to 252 days from departure to final arrival.