After
World War I, the
effort to prosecute Ottoman war criminals was taken up by the
Paris Peace Conference (1919) and ultimately included in the
Treaty of Sèvres (1920) with the
Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman government organized
a series of courts martial in 1919–1920 to prosecute war criminals, but these failed on account of political pressure. The main effort by the Allied administration that occupied Constantinople fell short of establishing an international tribunal in
Malta to try the so-called
Malta exiles, Ottoman war criminals held as
POWs by the British forces in Malta. In the end, no tribunals were held in Malta.