The Khmelnytsky Uprising (; ; ; also known as the Cossack-Polish War, or the Khmelnytsky insurrection) was a Cossack rebellion in the Cossack Hetmanate, then within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, (the present territories of Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus and parts of Russia) in 1648–1657. Under the command of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the Zaporozhian Cossacks, allied with the Crimean Tatars and the local peasantry, fought against the armies and paramilitary forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The insurgency was accompanied by mass atrocities committed by Cossacks against civilian population, especially against the Roman Catholic clergy and the Jews.