The strength of
metal oxide adhesion effectively determines the
wetting of the metal-oxide interface. The strength of this adhesion is important, for instance, in production of light bulbs and
fiber-matrix composites that depend on the optimization of wetting to create metal-ceramic interfaces. The strength of adhesion also determines the extent of dispersion on
catalytically active metal. Metal oxide adhesion is important for applications like complementary metal oxide
semiconductor devices. These devices make possible the high packing densities of modern
integrated circuits.