Newburgh is a town in Orange County, New York, United States. The 2010 census determined the population is 29,801. This is the first time ever that the population of the Town of Newburgh officially exceeded that of the adjacent but totally separate municipality known as the city of Newburgh (with a population of 28,866). Estimates released by the census bureau during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century had estimated that the Town had surpassed the City in population at that time, and in fact estimated the town population as exceeding 30,000, but the release of the official census figures underscored that those estimates were inflated.