Osh may refer to:

• Osh, a city in Kyrgyzstan
• Osh (food), another name of pilaf in Tajik and Uzbek cuisines

Osh is the second largest city in Kyrgyzstan, located in the Fergana Valley in the south of the country and often referred to as the "capital of the south". It is the oldest city in the country (estimated to be more than 3000 years old), and has served as the administrative center of Osh Region since 1939. The city has an ethnically mixed population of about 255,800 in 2012, comprising Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Russians, Tajiks, and other smaller ethnic groups.

The Osh (Odnomotornyi Shturmovik – single-engined attack) was an attack aircraft designed in the USSR from 1939.