The designation "
Renaissance philosophy" is used by scholars of
intellectual history to refer to the thought of the period running in Europe roughly between 1350 and 1650 (the dates shift forward for central and northern Europe and for areas such as Spanish America, India, Japan, and China under European influence). It therefore overlaps both with late
medieval philosophy, which in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was influenced by notable figures such as
Albert the Great,
Thomas Aquinas,
William of Ockham, and
Marsilius of Padua, and early modern philosophy, which conventionally starts with
René Descartes and his publication of the
Discourse on Method in 1637. Philosophers usually divide the period less finely, jumping from medieval to early modern philosophy, on the assumption that no radical shifts in perspective took place in the centuries immediately before Descartes. Intellectual historians, however, take into considerations factors such as sources, approaches, audience, language, and literary genres in addition to ideas. This article reviews both the changes in context and content of Renaissance philosophy and its remarkable continuities with the past.