Terentius was the name (nomen) of an ancient Roman family (gens). Members of the gens Terentia include:

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• Publius Terentius Afer, the comic playwright known in English as Terence, a slave then freedman of a member of the family, who thus took its name
• Gaius Terentius Varro, consul 216 BC, defeated at Cannae
• Marcus Terentius Varro, historian
• Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus, consul 73 BC, brother of Lucius Licinius Lucullus, adopted by the Terentii Varrones
• Terentius Maximus, pretender to the imperial throne
• Quintus Terentius Scaurus, grammarian
• Publius Terentius Varro Atacinus, poet
• Quintus Terentius Culleo, senator, captured by the Carthaginians in the Second Punic War.