Total internal reflection is a phenomenon which occurs when a propagating
wave strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the
normal to the surface. If the
refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary and the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, the wave cannot pass through and is entirely
reflected. The
critical angle is the
angle of incidence above which the total internal reflection occurs. This is particularly common as an
optical phenomenon, where light waves are involved, but it occurs with many types of waves, such as
electromagnetic waves in general or
sound waves.