Untermensch (, underman, sub-man, subhuman; plural: Untermenschen) is a term that became infamous when the Nazis used it to describe "inferior people" often referred to as "the masses from the East," that is Jews, Roma, and Slavs (mainly ethnic Poles, Serbs, and later also Russians). The term was also applied to most Blacks, and persons of color, with some particular exceptions. Jewish people were to be exterminated in the Holocaust, while, according to the Generalplan Ost, the Slavs of East-Central Europe were to be mostly deported to Asia, or exterminated and partially Germanized. These concepts were an important part of the Nazi racial policy. While the Nazis were inconsistent in the implementation of their policy, its genocidal death toll was in tens of millions of victims.

The last man (German: der letzte Mensch) is a term used by the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche in Thus Spoke Zarathustra to describe the antithesis of the imagined superior being, the Übermensch, whose imminent appearance is heralded by Zarathustra. The last man is tired of life, takes no risks, and seeks only comfort and security.