"Active killer" or "active shooter" names a type of mass murder marked by rapidity, scale, randomness and often suicide as well. The phenomenon is exemplified by the 1999 Columbine High School massacre, the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting, the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, the 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa, the 2015 Umpqua Community College shooting, the 2015 San Bernardino shooting, and many others.