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Betaine
A
betaine
(BEET-ah-een, ) in
chemistry
is any neutral
chemical compound
with a positively charged
cationic
functional group
such as a
quaternary ammonium
or
phosphonium
cation (generally:
onium
ions) which bears no hydrogen atom and with a negatively charged functional group such as a
carboxylate
group which may not be adjacent to the cationic site. A betaine thus may be a specific type of
zwitterion
. Historically the term was reserved for TMG (
trimethylglycine
) only. Biologically, betaine is involved in
methylation
reactions and detoxification of
homocysteine
.
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