In
linear algebra, the
identity matrix, or sometimes ambiguously called a
unit matrix, of size
n is the
n ×
n square matrix with ones on the
main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. It is denoted by
In, or simply by
I if the size is immaterial or can be trivially determined by the context. (In some fields, such as
quantum mechanics, the identity matrix is denoted by a boldface one,
1; otherwise it is identical to
I.) Less frequently, some mathematics books use
U or
E to represent the identity matrix, meaning "unit matrix" and the German word "Einheitsmatrix", respectively.