Non-communicable disease (
NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is
non-infectious or
non-transmissible. NCDs can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and progress slowly. Sometimes, NCDs result in rapid deaths such as seen in certain diseases such as
autoimmune diseases,
heart diseases,
stroke,
cancers,
diabetes,
chronic kidney disease,
osteoporosis,
Alzheimer's disease,
cataracts, and others. While sometimes (incorrectly) referred to as synonymous with "
chronic diseases", NCDs are distinguished only by their non-infectious cause, not necessarily by their duration. Some chronic diseases of long duration, such as
HIV/AIDS, are caused by
infections. Chronic diseases require
chronic care management as do all diseases that are slow to develop and of long duration.