Goa (English), गोंय (Konkani) is currently the Republic of India's smallest state by area post the 1974/75 UN treaty and presently has the fourth smallest population. Famously known as Rome of the East it was the capital of historical Portuguese eastern empire (1510 to 1910) followed by an Overseas province status of the  Portuguese Republic (1910 to 1974/75). Located in the South Western part of the Indian subcontinent as numerous islands and provinces in the region generally known as the Konkan strip, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its entire western coast. Goa is India's richest state with a GDP per capita two and a half times that of the country as a whole. It was ranked the best placed state by the Eleventh Finance Commission for its infrastructure and ranked on top for the best quality of life in India by the National Commission on Population based on the 12 Indicators. A native from Goa is called and identified as a Goan and depending on ancestry and descent can be full Portuguese citizens or can be a Goan with full Indian citizenship.   Panaji is the state's capital, Old Goa called Velha Goa is the former capital and Vasco da Gama is the largest city with a historical port, presently occupied with migrants from all over the Republic of India. The historic city of Margão still exhibits the 450 years cultural influence of Portugal, as in the early 16th century the Portuguese sailed as explorers, merchants and conquered it soon thereafter as its extended eastern empire. Goa is a former Portuguese province; the Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by the Republic of India in 1961. Large numbers of international and domestic tourists (Indian) visit Goa each year for its beaches, places of worship and world heritage architecture. It also has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, which is classified as a biodiversity hotspot.

Goa is a state in India, and a former Portuguese colonial possession, while the name was often used for the whole of Portuguese India.