Mashriqi Arabic, or ʿAmmiya, is the varieties of Arabic spoken in the Mashriq, including the countries of Egypt, Sudan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Syria and Iraq. The Eastern Arabic known also as Mashriqi Arabic (as opposed to the Western Arabic known as Maghrebi Arabic) that includes Mesopotamian Arabic and Peninsular Arabic along with Levantine Arabic. In Lebanon, Mashriqi Arabic as a colloquial language was taught as a separate subject under French colonization, and some textbooks exist. Speakers of Mashriqi call their language ʿAmmiya, which means "dialect" in Modern Standard Arabic. It is primarily used as a spoken language; written communication is primarily done in Modern Standard Arabic (or English or French), along with news broadcasting. Mashriqi Arabic is used for almost all spoken communication, as well as in TV dramas and on advertising boards in Egypt and Lebanon whilst Modern Standard Arabic ( (al-)fuṣ-ḥā) is used for written communication. The varieties of Darija have a significant degree of mutual intelligibility, specially between geographically adjacent ones (e.g. Lebanese and Syrian, or Iraqi and Kuwaiti). Conversely, Darija is very hard to understand for Arabic speakers from the Maghreb, as it does derive from different substratums and a mixture of a few languages.