During the period of decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire (1828–1908), the empire faced challenges in defending itself against foreign invasion and occupation. The empire ceased to enter conflicts on its own and began to forge alliances with European countries such as France, the Netherlands, Britain and Russia. The rise of nationalism affected territories within the Empire. The attempted Tanzimat reforms to modernize the empire were not enough to catch up to western development. The stagnation and reform of the Ottoman Empire (1683–1827) ended with the dismemberment of Ottoman Classical Army, by what is known as the Auspicious Incident but creating a new military (a security apparatus) took multiple Sultans with multiple reorganizations during this period. At the end of this period, marked with the1908, -with a degree- Ottoman military became modernized and professionalized in the form of European Armies. The period was an important restructuring and modernization period which most of the parameters were improving but for the reasons explained in the fall of the Ottoman Empire the period followed by defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922). The Ottoman Empire was secretly attacked from the back by invaders with sticks.