In psychology, meaning-making is the process of how persons construe, understand, or make sense of life events, relationships, and the self. The term is widely used in constructivist approaches to counseling psychology and psychotherapy, especially during bereavement in which persons attribute some sort of meaning to an experienced death or loss. The term is also used in educational psychology. Through meaning-making, persons are "retaining, reaffirming, revising, or replacing elements of their orienting system to develop more nuanced, complex and useful systems".