A
psychedelic substance is a
psychoactive drug whose primary action is to alter
cognition and
perception, typically by
agonising serotonin receptors. Psychedelics are part of a wider class of psychoactive drugs known as
hallucinogens, a class that also includes mechanistically unrelated substances such as
dissociatives and
deliriants. Unlike other drugs such as
stimulants and
opioids which induce familiar states of consciousness, psychedelics tend to affect the mind in ways that result in the experience being qualitatively different from those of ordinary consciousness. The
psychedelic experience is often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as
trance,
meditation,
yoga,
religious ecstasy,
dreaming and even
near-death experiences. With a few exceptions, most psychedelic drugs fall into one of the three following families of chemical compounds;
tryptamines,
phenethylamines, and
lysergamides.