The
1978 South Lebanon conflict (code-named
Operation Litani by Israel) was an invasion of
Lebanon up to the
Litani River, carried out by the
Israel Defense Forces in 1978 in response to the
Coastal Road massacre. The conflict resulted in the deaths of 1,100–2,000 Lebanese and Palestinians, 20 Israelis, the internal displacement of 100,000 to 250,000 people in Lebanon, and the
PLO forces retreating north of the Litani River. It led to the creation of the
UNIFIL peacekeeping force and an almost complete
Israeli withdrawal.