The
Attalid dynasty (; ) was a
Hellenistic dynasty that ruled the city of
Pergamon after the death of
Lysimachus, a general of
Alexander the Great. The Attalid kingdom was the
rump state left after the collapse of the Lysimachian Empire. One of Lysimachus' officers,
Philetaerus, took control of the city in 282 BC. The later Attalids were descended from his father, and they expanded the city into a kingdom.
Attalus I proclaimed himself King in the 230s BC, following his victories over the
Galatians. The Attalids ruled Pergamon until
Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the
Roman Republic in 133 BC to avoid a likely succession crisis. A war with
Eumenes III resulted in the creation of
Roman province of Asia over much of the territory.