The
Bloc Québécois is a
federal political party in
Canada devoted to the protection of
Quebec's interests in the
House of Commons of Canada, and the promotion of
Quebec sovereignty. The Bloc was formed by
Members of Parliament who defected from the federal
Progressive Conservative Party and
Liberal Party. BQ founder
Lucien Bouchard was a cabinet minister in the federal Progressive Conservative government of
Brian Mulroney. The BQ seeks to create the conditions necessary for the political secession of Quebec from Canada and campaigns actively only within the province during federal elections.
English-speaking Canadians commonly refer to the party as "the Bloc"; the party is sometimes known as the
BQ in the English-speaking media. The party has been described as
social-democratic and
separatist. The Bloc won four seats in the
2011 federal election, fewer than the 12 required for
official party status in the House of Commons, and by August 2014 had been reduced to two seats because of resignations and expulsions. It remained a registered political party, but was tied with the two-seat
Green Party and
Strength in Democracy as the smallest party in the
House of Commons of Canada. In the
2015 federal election, the Bloc won 10 seats in the House of Commons, even though the party's leader
Gilles Duceppe failed to win a seat. The Bloc was the largest party in Quebec, and either the second or third largest party in the House of Commons, for seven straight federal elections, from the
1993 election until the
2011 election when the party won only four seats and was defeated in Quebec by the
New Democratic Party. From 1993-1997, as the second largest party in Parliament, Bloc Québécois was
Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition.