Charles Edward Ives (; October 20, 1874May 19, 1954) was an American
modernist composer. He is one of the first American composers of international renown, though his music was largely ignored during his life, and many of his works went unperformed for many years. Over time, he came to be regarded as an "American original". He combined the American popular and
church-music traditions of his youth with European art music, and was among the first composers to engage in a systematic program of
experimental music, with
musical techniques including
polytonality,
polyrhythm,
tone clusters,
aleatoric elements, and
quarter tones, foreshadowing many musical innovations of the 20th century.