In
computer programming,
create, read, update and delete (as an
acronym CRUD or possibly a
backronym) (Sometimes called SCRUD with an "S" for Search) are the four basic functions of
persistent storage. Sometimes
CRUD is expanded with the words
retrieve instead of
read,
modify instead of
update, or
destroy instead of
delete. It is also sometimes used to describe
user interface conventions that facilitate viewing, searching, and changing
information; often using computer-based
forms and
reports. The term was likely first popularized by
James Martin in his 1983 book
Managing the Data-base Environment. The acronym may be extended to CRUDL to cover
listing of large data sets which bring additional complexity such as
pagination when the data sets are too large to hold easily in memory.